Indian Reasoning and Debating

30 Hours
UG/PG
Foundation, Law, Management
Faculty

₹2,500.00(GST additional)

About The Course

Course enables exploration of the rich tradition of debate exchanges, definitions and classification systemsfound inBhāratīya Śāstra-s and development ofthe skillsto become a persuasive communicator with the ability to: ● Defend statements using clear and logical reasoning ● Choose relevant statements for defence ● Support arguments with well-chosen, explanatory and thoroughly analyzed evidence

Syllabus

Unit I: Introduction to Indian Reasoning and Debating Techniques
● Introducing Bharatiya Knowledge Systems
● 14 & 18 Vidyasthanas
● Vedas
● Vedangas
● Introducing Darshanas
● Types of Darshanas: Astika and Nastika
● Elements of Darshana
● Introducing Elements of Indian Reasoning and Debating Techniques
● Introduction to Nyaya Shastra
● Gautama
● Nyaya as Darshana
● Nyaya as Vada Shastra
● Prachina & Navya Nyaya
● The Theory of Evidence (Pramāṇa)
● Knowing Directly – Pratyaksha
● Knowing Indirectly – Anumana, Upamana & Shabda
● Introduction to the Concept of Cognition
● Types of Cognition
● Recollection & Experience
● Definition of Cognition
● The Process of Responses
● Cognition Framework
● Fundamental Elements of Information Processing
● Prama, Prameya & Pramana
● Substantive-Relation-Property Triad Structure
● Examples on Prama, Prameya & Pramana | Substantive-Relation-Property Triad
● Pramana: Introduction, Definition and Types
● Pratyaksha: Laukika and Alaukika
● Examples on Laukika & Alaukika

Unit II: The Indic Approach to Robust Reasoning
● Introducing Anumana
● Convincing Oneself – Swartha-Anumana
● Convincing Others – Parartha-Anumana
● Anumanaprayoga – Paksha, Sadhya & Hetu
● Nyayaprayoga
● The Five Limbs of Structured Reasoning – Pratijñā, Hetu, Udāharaṇa, Upanaya and Nigamana
● Relevant Examples to Understand Paksha, Sadhya & Hetu | Nyayaprayoga
● The Triple Nature of a Sound Reason or Evidence (Hetu)
● Anvaya-Vyatireki
● Kevalanvayi
● Kevala-Vyatireki
● Relevant Examples to Understand Anvaya-Vyatireki, Kevalanvayi & Kevala-Vyatireki
● Invariable Concomitance (Vyāpti)
● Purvapaksha
● Siddhanta
● Vyatireka
● Relevant Examples to Understand Purvapaksha, Siddhanta & Vyatireka Vyaptis
● Processes Involved in Inference: Bhuyodarshana, Pakshadharmata and Paramarsha
● Relevant Examples to Understand These Processes
● The Five Types of Pseudo-Reason or Pseudo-Evidence (Hetvābhāsa)
● The Deviation (Savyabhicāra)
● The Adverse (Viruddha)
● The Unestablished or Unproven (Asiddha)
● The Counter Balanced (Satpratipakṣa)
● The Contradicted (Bādhita)
● Relevant Examples to Understand These Types
● The Supportive Arguments (Tarka)

Unit III: Definition Making
● The Theory of Definition
● Usage of Definitions in Reasoning and Debating
● Types of Definitions
● Swarupa-Lakshana
● Tatastha-Lakshana
● Purpose of Definition

Unit IV: Nature and Form of a Debate
● Introducing Bharatiya Debate Systems
● Importance of Debating Techniques According to Nyaya Shastra
● Rules of Debate
● The Three Types of Debate: Vāda (An Honest Debate), Jalpa (Wrangling), Vitaṇḍā (Cavil)
● Definitions of These Types of Debates
● Rules of Disqualification in a Debate: The 22 Defeat Situations (Nigraha-Sthāna)
● False Rejoinders (Jāti)
● Putting Forth a Contrary Argument by Using a Term Willfully in an Ambiguous Sense (Chala)
● Good Qualities of a Debater: Learning, Knowledge, Memory, Talent or Imaginative Power, and Power to Deliver a Speech
● Weak Points of a Debater: Anger, Lack of Equanimity, Fear, Lack of Memory, and Inattention

Unit V: Case Studies in Definitions and Debates: Exploring Perspectives
● Implementing the Theory of Definition Making – Murder vs Homoside
● Examples of Debate from Bharatiya Vangmaya – Tamas
● Examples of Debate from Bharatiya Vangmaya – Shabda According to Vaisheshikas
● Examples of Debate from Bharatiya Vangmaya – Shabda According to Nayyayika
● Examples of Debate from Bharatiya Vangmaya – Part and Whole as Independent Entities – Bauddha’s Purvapaksha
● Examples of Debate from Bharatiya Vangmaya – Part and Whole as Independent Entities – Vaisheshika’s Siddhanta