Indic Reasoning and Debating
- 30 Hours
-
2 Credits
*(T&C Apply) Credits applicable only for Undergraduate and Postgraduate students enrolling for SIKSHA courses through academic institutions based in India.
- UG/PG
- Foundation, Law, Management
- Faculty
₹5,000.00(GST additional)
About The Course
Course enables exploration of the rich tradition of debate exchanges, definitions and classification systemsfound inBhāratīya Śāstra-s and development ofthe skillsto become a persuasive communicator with the ability to: ● Defend statements using clear and logical reasoning ● Choose relevant statements for defence ● Support arguments with well-chosen, explanatory and thoroughly analyzed evidence
Syllabus
- Unit I: Introduction to Indian Reasoning and Debating Techniques
- ● Introducing Bharatiya Knowledge Systems
- ● 14 & 18 Vidyasthanas
- ● Vedas
- ● Vedangas
- ● Introducing Darshanas
- ● Types of Darshanas
- ● Astika
- ● Nastika
- ● Elements of Darshana
- ● Introducing elements of Indian Reasoning and Debating Techniques
- ● Introduction to Nyaya Shastra
- ● Gautama
- ● Nyaya as Darshana
- ● Nyaya as Vada Shastra
- ● Prachina & Navya Nyaya
- ● The theory of evidence (Pramāṇa)
- ● Knowing Directly - Pratyaksha
- ● Knowing Indirectly - Anumana, Upamana & Shabda
- ● Introduction to the concept - Cognition
- ● Types of Cognition
- ● Recollection & Experience
- ● Definition of Cognition
- ● The Process of Responses
- ● Cognition Framework
- ● Fundamental elements of information processing
- ● Prama, Prameya & Pramana
- ● Substantive-relation-property triad structure
- ● Examples on Prama, Prameya & Pramana | Substantive-relation-property triad
- ● Pramana
- ● 1.1 Introduction to Pramana
- ● 1.2 Definition of Pramana
- ● 1.3 Types of Pramana
- ● Pratyaksha
- ● Laukika
- ● Alaukika
- ● Examples on Laukika | Alaukika
- Unit II: The Indic Approach to Robust Reasoning
- ● Introducing Anumana
- ● Convincing Oneself - Swartha-anumana
- ● Convincing others - Parartha-anumana
- ● Anumanaprayoga - Paksha, Sadhya & Hetu
- ● NyayaprayogaThe five limbs of structured reasoning - Statement of the thesis (Pratijñā), Statement of reason or evidence (Hetu), Example (Udāharaṇa), Confirmatory sentence/Applicatory sentence (Upanaya), Conclusion (Nigamana)
- ● Relevant examples to understand Paksha, Sadhya & Hetu | Nyayaprayoga
- ● The triple nature of a sound reason or evidence (Hetu)
- ● Anvaya-vyatireki
- ● Kevalanvayi
- ● Kevala-vyatireki
- ● Relevant examples to understand Anvaya-vyatireki, Kevalanvayi & Kevala-vyatireki
- ● Invariable Concomitance (Vyāpti)
- ● Purvapaksha
- ● Siddhanta
- ● Vyatireka
- ● Relevant examples to understand Purvapaksha, Siddhanta & Vyatireka Vyaptis
- ● Processes involved in Inference
- ● Bhuyodarshana
- ● Pakshadharmata
- ● Paramarsha
- ● Relevant examples to understand these processes
- ● The five types of pseudo-reason or pseudo-evidence (Hetvābhāsa)
- ● The deviation (savyabhicāra)
- ● The adverse (viruddha)
- ● The unestablished or unproven (asiddha)
- ● The counter balanced (satpratipakṣa)
- ● The Contradicted (bādhita)
- ● Relevant examples to understand these types
- ● The supportive arguments (Tarka)
- Unit III: Definition making
- ● The theory of definition
- ● Usage of definitions in reasoning and debating
- ● Types of definitions
- ● Swarupa-lakshana
- ● Tatastha-lakshana
- ● Purpose of definition
- ● Case studies
- ● Jurisprudence - Murder vs Culpable homicide
- ● Chemistry - Synthetic drugs - Designer drugs
- Unit IV: Nature and form of a debate
- ● Introducing Bharatiya Debate systems
- ● Importance of debating techniques according to Nyaya Shastra
- ● Rules of debate
- ● The three types of debate;
- ● Vāda (An honest debate)
- ● Jalpa (Wrangling)
- ● Vitaṇḍā (Cavil)
- ● Definitions of these types of debates
- ● Rules of Disqualification in a Debate: The 22 defeat situations (Nigraha-sthāna)
- ● False rejoinders (Jāti)
- ● Putting forth a contrary argument by using a term willfully in an ambiguous sense (Chala)
- ● The good qualities of a debater; learning, knowledge, memory, talent or imaginative power, and power to deliver a speech.
- ● Weak points of a debater; anger, lack of equanimity, fear, lack of memory, and inattention.
More Information
- Learning Objectives
- ● Understanding cognition, elements of reasoning and debating techniques
- ● Learning about error detection and fallacies in arguments
- ● Explain and demonstrate the classical Indian intellectual culture of inquiry
- Intended Outcomes
- ● Develop the art of reasoning and argumentation
- ● Develop the skill of debating based on the rigorous Indic method of Vada
- ● Application of Bhāratīya reasoning and debating concepts